Scuba Diving in Iceland
Diving Between Continents in Glacial Crystalline Waters
Iceland, the 'Land of Fire and Ice,' offers one of the most extraordinary and ethereal diving experiences on the planet. It is world-famous for Silfra, a deep crack between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates located in Þingvellir National Park. Here, divers can swim in glacial meltwater that has been filtered through underground lava rock for decades, resulting in visibility that often exceeds 100 meters—unparalleled anywhere else in the world. Beyond the crystalline waters of Silfra, Iceland's underwater world is a realm of dramatic contrasts. The ocean diving around the Reykjanes Peninsula and the Westfjords reveals rugged kelp forests, unique geothermal chimneys like Strýtan—the only geothermal chimneys in the world accessible to recreational divers—and fascinating wrecks. Iceland's diving is not for the faint of heart, as the water is consistently cold, usually ranging from 2°C to 4°C, making drysuit proficiency a mandatory requirement. However, for those prepared for the cold, the reward is a tranquil, prehistoric world of geological wonders and rare biological features that feel like another planet. With a high standard of professional dive operations and a focus on small-group expeditions, Iceland provides a bucket-list adventure for every serious underwater explorer.
Diving Highlights
- ✓Silfra Fissure: Diving between two continents in glacial water with 100m+ visibility, often cited as one of the best dive sites in the world.
- ✓Strýtan: The world's only accessible geothermal chimneys, towering 55 meters from the seabed and teeming with unique marine life.
- ✓Gardur: A beautiful ocean site on the Reykjanes Peninsula, featuring vibrant kelp forests, diverse fish species, and colorful nudibranchs.
- ✓The 'El Grillo' Wreck: A large British oil tanker sunk by German aircraft during WWII in the fjord of Seyðisfjörður.
- ✓Kleifarvatn Lake: A volcanic lake where underwater hot springs create a surreal environment of bubbling gas vents and vibrating rocks.
Experience Mix
Signature Marine Life
Wolf Eel (Atlantic Wolffish)
These prehistoric-looking fish are a common and iconic sight on Iceland's rocky reefs and kelp forests.
Lumpfish
Unique, colorful fish that are frequently seen in the shallow waters during their spawning season in the spring.
Nudibranchs
A surprising variety of colorful sea slugs can be found among the sponges and bryozoans of the cold-water reefs.
Arctic Char
A hardy freshwater fish that is occasionally spotted by divers in the crystal-clear waters of Silfra and other glacial fissures.
Seasonal Travel Guide
| Month | Weather & Conditions | Crowds |
|---|---|---|
| january | Cold, dark, and snowy. Only 4-5 hours of daylight. Best for Northern Lights. | Low. |
| february | Deep winter conditions. Magical snow-covered landscapes. Clear skies are common. | Low to Moderate. |
| march | Days are lengthening rapidly. Still wintry, but good for travel and diving. | Moderate. |
| april | Spring arrives. Snow starts to melt in the lowlands. Wildflowers begin to appear. | Moderate, busy around Easter. |
| may | Fresh and green. Pleasant air temperatures and long days. Good for birdwatching. | Low to Moderate. |
| june | The midnight sun. 24 hours of daylight. Lush green landscapes and wildflowers. | High. |
| july | Warmest month. Ideal for all outdoor and underwater activities. | Very High. |
| august | Still warm and sunny. Start of the berry-picking season. Cultural festivals in Reykjavík. | Very High. |
| september | Autumn colors appear. Nights getting darker, first chance for Northern Lights. | Moderate. |
| october | Cooler and often rainy. A quiet and beautiful time to visit. First snow in the mountains. | Low. |
| november | Transition to winter. Days getting shorter. Festive atmosphere begins. | Low. |
| december | Festive with Christmas markets and lights. Dark and snowy, very atmospheric. | Moderate in Reykjavík. |
Practical Information
Arrival & Entry
Getting Around
Iceland is best explored by rental car, especially a 4x4 if heading to remote areas. There is no railway system. A reliable domestic flight network connects Reykjavík to the north and east.
Safety & Culture
Common Scams
- Iceland is remarkably free from scams; it is one of the safest countries in the world
- Always use official currency exchange or just use cards to avoid unfair rates
- Be wary of 'unauthorized' car rental insurance offers; always use reputable companies
Cultural Etiquette
- Icelanders value their privacy and the pristine nature of their land; always follow 'Leave No Trace' principles.
- Tipping is not customary in Iceland, as service charges are included in the price, but it is appreciated for exceptional service.
Health & Safety Advice
Essential tips for a safe trip
Travel Essentials
Icelandic is the official language. English is spoken fluently by almost everyone and is the primary language for the tourism and diving industries.
Tap water in Iceland is some of the purest in the world and is perfectly safe and delicious to drink everywhere.
Icelandic Króna (ISK). Iceland is a virtually cashless society; credit and debit cards are used for everything from luxury hotels to public restrooms.
Iceland is part of the Schengen Area. Citizens of the US, Canada, UK, and Australia do not need a visa for stays up to 90 days. EU citizens have the right of free movement.
Explore Iceland
Stay Costs
Prices are approximate per night in USD.
Deep Dive into Iceland
Everything you need to know about history, culture, and nature.
Historical Context
Iceland's history is a dramatic saga of Viking exploration and survival in a rugged environment. Settled in the late 9th century by Norse explorers, primarily from Norway, the country established the world's oldest surviving parliament, the Alþingi, in 930 CE at Þingvellir. For centuries, Iceland was a remote outpost, first under Norwegian and later Danish rule. The nation's history was defined by its resilience in the face of volcanic eruptions, harsh winters, and famine. Iceland eventually gained full independence from Denmark in 1944. The 20th century saw rapid modernization, transforming Iceland from a poor fishing and farming society into one of the most prosperous and technologically advanced nations in the world. This rich historical legacy is preserved in the iconic Icelandic Sagas and evident in the unique cultural traditions that continue to thrive today. Modern Icelanders are fiercely proud of their heritage, their language—which has remained remarkably unchanged since the Viking Age—and their successful transition to a thriving, sustainable democracy.
Geography & Nature
Iceland is a geographically unique nation located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates are moving apart. This geological position makes it one of the most volcanically active places on Earth. The country is characterized by its dramatic and diverse landscape, which includes vast glaciers (covering 11% of the land), rugged mountains, deep fjords, and extensive lava fields. Iceland is home to Vatnajökull, the largest glacier in Europe. The country's interior is a desolate and beautiful highland plateau, while the coastline features spectacular black sand beaches and spectacular waterfalls like Gullfoss and Skógafoss. The rift between the tectonic plates is visible on land at Þingvellir and underwater at Silfra. This varied terrain supports a rich array of ecosystems and offers endless opportunities for exploration, from hiking on glaciers to diving in crystal-clear glacial water. Iceland's geography is not just a backdrop; it is a living, breathing force that continues to shape the island and its people.
Climate & Weather
Iceland has a subarctic climate, though it is surprisingly temperate given its high latitude, thanks to the warming influence of the North Atlantic Current. The weather is famously unpredictable and can change rapidly ('if you don't like the weather, wait five minutes'). Summer (June to August) is mild and pleasant, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F-68°F). Winter (December to February) is cold but not as severe as many expect, with temperatures in Reykjavík typically hovering around freezing. The interior highlands are much colder and receive significant snowfall. For divers, the water temperature of the glacial fissures like Silfra remains a constant 2°C-4°C (35°F-39°F) year-round, as it is geothermal and glacial meltwater. The ocean water temperatures range from 4°C in winter to 10°C-12°C in summer. This distinct seasonality, including the 24-hour daylight of summer and the magical Northern Lights of winter, is a defining characteristic of the Icelandic experience.
People & Culture
The people of Iceland are known for their creativity, resilience, and a deep-seated connection to their natural environment and ancient heritage. With a population of only about 370,000, Icelandic society is close-knit and egalitarian. Icelanders value independence and have a strong 'can-do' attitude (þetta reddast—'it will all work out'). The country has a rich literary and artistic tradition, producing a high number of writers, musicians, and artists per capita. Family and community are the foundations of society, and the use of the patronymic naming system remains a unique cultural feature. Modern Icelanders are highly educated, environmentally conscious, and deeply proud of their country's progress in areas like renewable energy and gender equality. Whether enjoying a dip in a geothermal pool or engaging in a passionate debate about literature, the warmth, hospitality, and pride of the people are evident. This dedication to quality of life and the preservation of their unique culture makes Iceland one of the most fascinating and welcoming countries in the world.
Local Languages
Icelandic is the official language of the country and is a North Germanic language that has remained remarkably unchanged since the Viking Age. Because of this, modern Icelanders can still read the ancient sagas with relative ease. Icelandic is a source of immense national pride, and the country has a policy of linguistic purism, creating new words for modern concepts rather than adopting loanwords. English is taught in schools from an early age and is spoken fluently by almost everyone, especially in the tourism and diving industries. Many Icelanders are also proficient in other languages like Danish, German, or French. For travelers, knowing a few basic Icelandic phrases like 'Takk' (Thank you) and 'Halló' (Hello) is highly appreciated, but communication in English is never a problem. The clear and melodic way Icelanders speak their language is a pleasure to hear and a fascinating part of the local culture.
Gastronomy
Icelandic cuisine is a unique and flavorful reflection of its rugged environment and maritime heritage, focusing on high-quality, fresh ingredients. The most iconic dishes include 'Plokkfiskur' (fish stew), fresh Atlantic salmon, and 'Lamb' which is world-renowned for its tenderness and flavor. For the adventurous, traditional delicacies like 'Hákarl' (fermented shark) and 'Svið' (sheep's head) offer a glimpse into the country's historical survival strategies. Iceland is also famous for its high-quality dairy products, particularly 'Skyr,' a thick and creamy cultured dairy product similar to yogurt. Fresh seafood is a highlight, with lobster, cod, and arctic char being staples. Modern Icelandic cuisine is increasingly innovative, with a vibrant food scene in Reykjavík that blends traditional ingredients with global influences. Eating at a local 'Kaffihús' or a high-end restaurant using seasonal produce is the best way to experience authentic Icelandic flavors. The food is generally simple and relies on the purity of the ingredients to create its satisfying and unique taste.
Recommended Bases
Reykjavík
The Vibe: A vibrant and cosmopolitan capital city with excellent dining, museums, and a base for Golden Circle trips.
Akureyri
The Vibe: The 'Capital of the North,' offering a cozy atmosphere and easy access to the Strýtan geothermal chimneys.
Hella / Selfoss
The Vibe: Perfect bases for exploring the south coast's waterfalls, glaciers, and black sand beaches.
Featured Liveaboards
Currently, there are no year-round diving liveaboards based in Iceland. Most diving is conducted via land-based expeditions. However, occasional multi-day boat-based trips are organized in the Westfjords or around the remote island of Grímsey for experienced divers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:Do I need a drysuit certification to dive in Silfra?
Yes, most reputable dive operators in Iceland require a Drysuit Diver certification or proof of at least 10 logged drysuit dives in the last two years. The water in Silfra is a constant 2°C-4°C, and a drysuit is essential for safety and comfort. If you don't have a certification, many shops offer a combined 'Drysuit Specialty' course that includes your first Silfra dive.
Q:What is the visibility like in Silfra?
Visibility in Silfra is extraordinary and frequently exceeds 100 meters. The water is glacial meltwater that has been filtered through porous underground lava rock for 30 to 100 years before reaching the fissure. It is so pure that you can safely drink it during your dive. This clarity provides an incredible sense of flying through the water.
Q:Can I see any fish in Silfra?
While Silfra is not known for its marine life, you can occasionally spot small Arctic Char or Sticklebacks hiding in the algae. The main attraction of Silfra is the stunning geology, the vibrant green 'troll hair' algae, and the incredible clarity, rather than a diversity of fish species.
Q:Is diving Strýtan suitable for all divers?
No, Strýtan is a more challenging dive located in the ocean in the north of Iceland. It involves diving around a geothermal chimney that rises from 70m to 15m. There can be strong currents and the water is cold and often has lower visibility than the glacial fissures. It is typically recommended for Advanced Open Water divers with significant drysuit experience.
Q:What is the best time of year to visit Iceland for diving?
For Silfra, any time of year is excellent as the conditions are constant. However, for ocean diving and for the best overall travel experience, the summer months (June-August) are preferred for the midnight sun and milder weather. If you want to see the Northern Lights, visit between September and March, but be prepared for shorter days and more challenging travel conditions.
Q:Are there hyperbaric chambers in Iceland?
Yes, there is a modern hyperbaric chamber located in the University Hospital (Landspítali) in Reykjavík. Icelandic dive operations are highly professional and have established emergency protocols and rapid communication with search and rescue services to ensure the highest level of safety.
Hotels & Resorts in Iceland
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